CHAPTER IX PHRENO-MESMERISM.
"PROFESSOR CHARCOT has unexpectedly brought us back to the days of
Animal Magnetism. He has effected some curious experiments on hysteroepileptic
patients in the Salpetriere Hospital, producing catalepsy and
somnambulism at will. The subject placed for a few seconds or minutes before
the full blaze of an electric light, becomes fascinated. The . anaesthetic
state is complete, for he can be pinched, etc., without exhibiting pain. The
members retain whatever attitude is given them. The patient has become
cataleptic. In vain you speak or question him. Place him in a tragic posture,
the physiognomy becomes severe, and the eyebrows contract. Bring the hands
together as in prayer, the visage softens and the features become supplicating.
Cut off the light, the patient drops into a somnambulistic state he falls
backward, the eyelids close, and If the skin be rubbed, the part will contract
as if under the influence of electricity. Call the patient, he will rise up and
walk towards you. Tell him to kneel and he will kneel; to write and he will
write; to sew, and he will, mechanically, like a slave, the eyes being firmly
closed. Sometimes the answers given are more intelligible than when the patient
is wideawake, so much is the intelligence excited. Blow in his face and the
subject instantly awakens, after a slight throat spasm and some froth on the
lips, but utterly ignorant of what has occurred. The experiment can be repeated
at will. Music—strong beil-ringing—can produce this anaesthetic condition as
well asthe lights referred to; hence, the action of sound is identical with
that of light. Steadily looking into the eyes will also produce the lethargic
state. But this is treadingafter
"Mesmer." (Translated.}
This is an interesting part of the subject. Unfortunately the majority of the public are not much
acquainted with the Mental
Science., as founded upon Phrenology—Phrenology
with many is a vulgar" something about "bumps." They believe
in. physiognomy-—i.e., the temperament, quality of organisation, disposition, and tendency of
character as revealed in the face.
Of the physiognomy of the head—Phrenology—however, they know nothing.. They understand the clock dial, the
hands thereon, and the time indicated there and by them.; but of the nature and
power of the machinery behind the dial, they are ignorant. So there are too many who care
little for the cerebral machinery, its form, size, quality, and power—by
which the mind animates the face indicating thereon the
morning, the mid-day, and the twilightof the human soul in
Time. To
appreciate Phreno-Mesmerism,
some knowledge of" Phrenology is
requisite. The
successful mesmerist must
either be a keen
physiognomist or a good phrenologist. In the latter case, his
psychological experiments will be the most satisfactory and.
fascinating. Sensitives in
the deep mesmeric sleep, and who are conscious of your thoughts, or otherwise
in full sympathy or en rapport with yourself, are not subjects for phreno-mesmeric experiments. The experiments with them, at least, would not be conclusive. In the somnambulistic state when
the subject is deprived of
consciousness, and is so far-rendered oblivious as not to remember what has occurred during sleep unless impressed
to remember —in this state
the cerebral organs of
the mental faculties resemble a piano—when excited by mesmeric influence they
give forth
manifestations in
accordance with Phrenology, and the experiments are most effective
and conclusive. The
phenomena are not the result of suggestion, accident or
imagination. In the majority of
cases the sensitives, as one of the general public, can have no possible
knowledge of Phrenology.
It is not possible for the experimentalist to be
successful in this particular department
without a thorough knowledge of Mesmerism on the one hand, andPhrenology"
on the other. The frequent failures which are sure to accompany a "little
knowledge" have led many experiments to declare that phreno-mesmeric
phenomena are either exceedingly fugitive in character, or where determined,
are due to coincidence, accident, imagination, etc. I shall neither explain nor
defend Phrenology here, but content myself with pointing out (that predicated
on temperament) some persons are more susceptible to mesmeric influence than
others. Of these, even in the sleep (and based on the same physiological conditions
of organisation), some are more dull, or less susceptible than others. Persons
of the mental and mental-vital temperament are more sprightly and vivacious,
respond more readily to influence, than those of more stolid and less
impressive natures. The former will respond to the lightest touch. In some
cases, contact is not even necessary. The latter require decided and'
continuous pressure before the cerebral more stolid and less impressive
natures. The former organs respond. Again, the first mentioned are, perhaps,
the most difficult subjects to reduce to sleep; but when fully under influence,
they make the best possible subjects for all forms of mental or psychological
phenomena—thought-reading, thought-transference, psychometry, and phreno-mesmeiism,
etc. In the mesmeric state, under the peculiar nervous •conditions induced by
it, the whole brain, especially that of animal life and sense, is in a dorman
or benumbed state. The somnambulistic state is often brought about by partial
demesmerisation, as in semiwaking and sleeping dreams. By this phreno-mesmeric
process, certain organs are stimulated into activity—and a direction, a
positive direction under the control of the mesmerist, given to the thoughts
and actions of the sensitive. Some doubt the possibility of such operations,
yet admit the probability of the foregoing easperiments of Charcot, based on
automatic inhibition,—mechanical automatic suggestion, if you will. The greater includes the less. Phreno-mesmeric processes, antedate Charcot's
suggestions, and are superior to them. The former produce results, when
the latter inevitably fails. By the former, we have direct communication with
the brain—the organ of the mind; by the latter, mechanical and inhibitory
suggestions are indirectly conveyed to the brain, and automatically responded
10. By the former we have a living sensitive being, in a certain state of
mental exaltation, giving forth some perfect manifestations of such
psychological state.
In the latter, you have a degraded tool, a helpless piece of organic
machinery—a marionette, "pull the strings and the figure moves."
The phreno-mesmeric process is as follows.:— Put your subject in a deep unconscious sleep. As you can demesmerise or
stimulate a leg or arm into activity, recognise the fact—the same can be accomplished with the brain,
consciousness can be
restored partially or wholly.
The mind, directed by the influence of the operator, determindedly
applied to the organ of the faculty desired to be aroused, by touching the
organ or organs which you desire to affect, almost
immediately the arterial blood
is attracted and propelled with greater force through that portion of
the brain; the faculty, or faculties, 'become exalted,
or inspired. Excite "Imitation," and "Language." Foreign languages will be
repeated verbatim, without
hesitation or flaw, the subject having no knowledge of the
language thus employed. Excite "Language," "Tune," and
"Mirthfolness," the subject will probably sing some amusing and witty
song. Excite,
"Language," "Veneration," and "Spirituality," the
face of the sensitive will be reverential, devotional, and floodedwith
hallowed light; while his
invocations to the Deity will be most impressive and devout Excite "Destructiveness,"
and energy, activity, possibly passion and temper, will be manifested. "Acquisitiveness" will
indicate a desire to have; while "Benevolence" a desire to give. The
special direction of either will depend upon what other organs are
excited in unison therewith. To allay the cerebral excitement, blow steadily
on the. organ or organs affected,
Drs. Elliotson, Braid, Spencer T. Hall, Mr. Atkinson, W. Jackson,
Sergeant Cox, and others, paid considerable attention to this branch of
experiments. Dr. Spencer Hal is naturally the authority whose experiments were
to me the most interesting. Many of "thesewere carried out upon persons in the
waking as well as in the sleeping condition.
Two or three instances will suffice to illustrate this part of the subject.
During some public experiments given by the writer in the Queen's Hal, Bold
Street, Liverpool, about eleven years ago, one of the subjects kept time to the
music by a lateral movement of his head. Desirous of testing the effect, I
instructed the musicians to make a noise—in discordant musical notes, made in
rapid succession, without rhythmic connection. The subject ceased to move
his head, shuddered, and looked painfuly distressed. . On asking what was the
matter, he replied he had a severe pain, in his head, pointing at the sametime to the
organ of "Tune." On directing the musicians to play the "Blue
Danube" waltz, the lateral movement of the . subject's head commenced
again. The discordant experiment was tried' once more, with similar but
intensified results. I was now quite satisfied. I blew upon the organ, and
eventually carefully de-mesmerised the subject, and released him from all
further influence that evening, reserving him afterwards—according to my usual
practice—-for phreno-mesmeric experiments only.
In every Instance the natural language of each faculty was perfectly,
and most beautifully manifested under influence; also in a way, 1 believe, not
possible to the sensitive in his waking state. Captain John James, in writing
on the matter, says:—"An uneducated man for instance, may, for the first
time in his life be thrown into the mesmeric sleep-waking state, and the
operator, by;touching, and sometimes
even by merely pointing at, the organ—say of
'benevolence—may cause the sensitive to exhibit mortal.. signs of that
particular sentiment, so that he may appear to fancy of dream that he sees
before him some pitiable object, which at once awakens his interest and
compassion. If "combativeness" be touched he will immediately show
symptoms of anger, fancy he is quarrelling with someone, evince a desire to fight, and may even strike
his mesmeriser; fan or blow over the excited organ, or
touch..,'benevolence,' and his anger immediately subsides. Should
'combativeness' and 'destractiveness' be very small, the excitement of the
organ will often, lead him to imagine that some one is trying to quarrel with
him; neither the expression of his countenance nor his actions betraying any
feeling of anger"
He further adds:—"The most interesting
results. in these experiments take place when two or more of the organs are
simultaneously excited, when you will probably observe such beautiful
combinations of graceful attitudes and facial expression, as would be well
worthy the observation and study of a first-rate actor."
It frequently happens that a successful
mesmerist may have no knowledge of Phrenology. As such he would fail in
these experiments. It also happens
that many very able phrenologists are not mesmerists, or, being mesmerists,have neither time nor disposition to use their
powers, so that the foregoing class of experiments have fallen very much into
disuse.
Personally, I am satisfied that in the majority
of cases, the mesmeric touch will convey, adequate stimuli, in
someway to the localised
nerve-centres of the brain, and is the true cause of the phenomena, the
response in all cases depending upon temperamental condition and
brain-development of the subject.
There are some cases where the will of the operator '"is communicated to the subject by the means
of the touch and it may be possible that both
touch and the will, combined may affect the sensitive; but seldom is
the' result produced by will alone.
I have successfully affected patients through a third person,' my medium
for operating, and the
person operated on,
being equally ignorant of the phrenological locality of
the faculties.
The subject deserves the fullest and most complete investigation. It is
mentioned here in the hope that it may stimulate the study of Phrenology,
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